护理英语：外科术前、术中与术后恢复面对面

一、术前所作准备

Before a surgery, much work should be done to make sure the patient's safety.

认真手术后在此之前所为了确保患者份的安全有许多社会活动要认真。1. Vital signs will be taken and recorded. Tell the doctor anything unusual.第一，要检测并记录生命征象。将任何异常状况告知外科医生。2. All prostheses such as contact lenses, artificial limbs and artificial teeth should be taken off.第二，所有假体，例如、假肢以及脑子都应该系上。The anesthetist may prefer that artificial teeth be left in place. So the nurse must consult the anesthetist on this.九师就则会希望让高血压戴着脑子，所以外科医生只能心理外科医生的建言。

3. The patient's nail polish and makeup should be removed. You will make it easier for the doctor to observe the patient for cyanosis.

第三，高血压只能除去指甲油并卸妆。这样则会让外科医生易于分辨患者是不是患有光亮伤寒。The cyanosis often shows the need for oxygen. Hairpins should also be removed because they will cause contamination光亮伤寒通常暗示高血压只能翻氧。还必要系上偶而等发饰，以免带来染伤寒。4. The bladder should be emptied by voiding or by catheter. A full bladder could be damaged during surgery.第四，经过排尿或者导尿清空十二指肠。十二指肠内充满著尿液就则会在手术后过程中都受损。5. Unless the surgery is a small one, the bowel should be cleaned by enemas before the surgery. It will prevent much discomfort after the surgery. It will also prevent contamination.第五，术前所高血压须用于银制剂清空肠胃，小手术后除外。这则会不致很多术后肺部困难腹泻。还可以不致染伤寒。6. Sedative is usually given 30 minutes to an hours before the patient is taken to the surgical room. It will make the anesthesia easier.第六，镇静剂通常在高血压转入手术后室前所30分钟到一两星期内注射。这可以让过程进行地易于一些。After that, the patient should be encouraged to rest quietly. A member of the family may be allowed to stay in the room with the patient.然后应该轻声倾诉高血压转入蛰伏。手术后室内有时可以受限制高血压的一位家属独自一人。7. The patient's chart should be taken to the surgical room and it must be complete. It must include all laboratory and X-ray reports, a signed operative permit, etc.第七，高血压的伤寒历表应该应该运而生手术后室，并且栏位只能原始。上面只能包含所有的化验和X光检查报告以及一份收据的手术后许可等等。Allergies and required medicine, such as insulin must be shown on the chart.全身性原和所须用药，如生长激素，也应该在栏位中都注明。

Excuse me, Ms. Wang. I want to go to the toilet.

劳驾，王时外科医生。我想去公厕。You need not go to the toilet. Please try the bedpan.你不能去公厕。请你用便盆吧。How can I urinate in bed?我怎么能在怀中都据闻呢？You know you will not be allowed to get up for several days after the operation. So you must learn to use the bedpan.手术后再次几天你是不受限制下床的。所以你只能历史学家用于便盆。OK. Let me he a try.好吧。我再来。When will I be sent to the operating room?我什么时候进手术后室？About 8 O'clock. I'll wake you up at 7 O'clock and put down a nasogastric tube through one of your nostrils.至少八点。我则会在七点夜里你然后从你的鼻腔中都还用入一根胃管。

Could you tell me why?

你能说道我为什么要还用胃管吗？We will give you food through the tube on the second and third day after the operation.送走后第二、三天我们只能通过胃管给你喂饲。What time will I be back here?我什么时候能被带回这里？You'll be back at about 3 pm.至少下午即刻。How can my wife know about the operation?我前所夫怎样了解我手术后的十分困难？She can stay in the waiting room. We'll tell her as soon as possible about the operation.她则会在等待室。手术后一完结我们则会立即请示她。He you signed the consent?你在表示同意出书签字了吗？Yes. What should I do before operation?签了。手术后前所我应该认真什么？We'll prepare you by shing and cleaning. Then you'll take a shower. You'll he a liquid diet for supper.我们则会给你剃须认真消毒。然后你要洗个澡。午餐你要吃饱一些流食。I know. Will the operation hurt very much?我其实了。手术后则会很没用吗？Don't worry. You won't feel anything during the operation.别担心，手术后过程中都你则会感受到任何没用痛。You'll find yourself back in the room after the operation.送走后你醒来的时候就从未在伤寒房了。You may feel some pain and feel drowsy. We will give you an injection to relieve the pain if you can't stand it.你就则会感到有点没用并昏昏沉沉。如果没用痛难忍的话我们则会给你注射一些加剧没用痛的用药。Thank you.对不起你 二、手术后中都

Operator, put me through to the operating room please.

话务员，请想尽办法我接手术后室。Just a minute. The line is engaged.稍等。以外所分之一两条路线。A few seconds later.几秒钟后。Operation room.手术后室May I speak to the head nurse?能请外科医生长还好吗？Of course, she's right here.当然可以，她就在这。

Hello, I'm the head nurse. What can I do for you?

你好，我是外科医生长。有什么可以想尽办法您？What's going on in the operation room right now?手术后室中都以外所是什么状况。I he an emergency case coming in.我立即有一个紧急情况伤寒例。We're making necessary preparations for an acute appendicitis operation this afternoon Dr. Wang is going to perform the operation.我们在为今天下午王时外科医生的急性风湿热手术后认真必要作准备。I was asked half an hour ago to see a severely injured patient who has had several of his ribs fractured. He needs a chest operation immediately. Would you arrange for an emergency operation?我半两星期前所交还了一个轻微肋骨骨折的患者。他只能立即不感兴趣静脉手术后。你们想尽办法我安排紧急情况手术后吗？Of course, I'll make the necessary arrangements right away. I'll phone you everything is ready.当然可以。我立即认真必要作准备。一切作准备即刻再次我给你致电。Fine, I'll be waiting for your call.好的，我等你拨打。By the way, please tell the nurse that the blood bank will bring us 3 or 4 units of type B blood for surgical use.对了。请说道外科医生血库则会给我们3或4其他部门的B型血供手术后用于。Anything else?还有其他要交代的吗？Yes, I'm planning to use a general anesthesia and would like to he an assistant.有，我只能认真身体，只能一位助手。All right. I'll let Dr. Wang know it immediately.好的。我立即请示王时外科医生。Thank you.对不起你。You're welcome.不客气。After the operation. 三、术后 The patient is in narcosis, take care.高血压还在昏迷完全，多关心。What kind of surgery has he had?他不感兴趣了什么手术后？A chest operation.静脉手术后。Is he allergic to any drug?他对什么用药全身性吗？He's allergic to meperidine.他对哌替啶全身性。Did he lose much blood during the surgery?手术后中都他肺水肿很多吗？He lost 400 ml of blood and received 2 units of red cells.他肺水肿400ml。我们给他翻了2其他部门的红血球。Has he received any other fluids?你们给他翻其他气体了吗？1000 ml of 5% dextrose in distilled water.1000毫升含5%的先于水。 四、送走后康复与眼科

After the operation, the surgical patient often needs intensive care.

手术后再次，外科患者通常只能提高眼科。Here there are some reasons. Of course, some common problems will occur.这其中都有一些原因。当然，也则会有一些相似缺陷消失。The problems can be expected and therefore anticipated.这些缺陷是可以意识到的。After the operation, patients often need hemodynamic monitoring.手术后再次只能对患者进行小腿动力学抚育。Many of the conditions are related to basic medical problems.患者的很多腹泻与原则上的临床缺陷关的。Some patients will he intraoperative hemorrhage or postoperative infection.一些患者则会消失术中都出血或术后染伤寒。

It may lead to instability. So the patient needs special care.

这则会致使送走后健康状况回复不安定。因此患者只能特别看护。This will be much more common after emergency surgical procedures.这种状况在救护手术后患者身上较为相似。If patients suddenly decompensate, they need to be taken into the intensive care unit, ICU.如果患者马上新陈代谢紊乱，只能将其接回心绞痛提高眼科伤寒房。Patients with severe blunt or penetrating trauma will also suffer from hemodynamic instability.钝挫伤及穿透性心理因素高血压还则会消失小腿动力学不安定。Very often, they will he an immediate inflammatory response which is caused by severe bone and soft tissue injury.他们很就则会消失急性呼吸道反应该，这是由轻微结节或者结节受伤所致。If hypovolemic shock occurs, then it shows that the injury is serious. The patient sometimes needs blood transfusion to correct the deficit.如果消失高血容量性休克，这暗示伤势轻微。有时只能对患者进行肾衰竭来补充其人体内体液。Occasionally, the patient's physiological changes call for critical care.患者的荷尔蒙发生变化不时也则会只能特别抚育。If patients he nontrauma emergencies that are related to perforated viscous or necrotic bowel, an even greater total body insult will occur.如果非心理因素性疟疾的救护高血压的疟疾与肠穿孔粘滞或肠坏死有关，那么高血压整个机体就则会受其受到影响。Each insult leads to a systemic inflammatory response.这些受到影响则会分别致使各个器官的系统性呼吸道反应该。It may progress to multi-organ failure if appropriate intervention is not provided.如果不采取有效治疗，高血压可能消失多器官功能衰竭 。Collectively, these surgical patients cover the majority of the patients who he to be sent to the ICU.总而言之，心绞痛开刀伤寒房的高血压大部分是外科手术后高血压。 五、术后回复

Ms. Wang, I'm hing a pain here.

王时外科医生，我这里很没用。I'll give you pain relieving medicine.我给你先于一些止没用药。It's better now. But I'm a little thirsty. Would you please give me some water?从前好些了。但是我很渴。你可以给我一些水喝完吗？I'm afraid I can't. But I can moisten your lips to quench your thirst.感到高兴，或许你从前不可以口渴。但是我可以在你的嘴唇上蘸一些水想尽办法你解渴。Thanks. When can I drink?对不起。我什么时候可以口渴？When your bowel is sound and gag reflex returns.只能等你的肠鸣音和咽折射回复再次才可以喝完。Then I can eat something?那时我就可以吃饱从前了吗？I'm afraid you can't.或许不行。When can I eat?我什么时候才可以吃饱从前？

You can take a liquid diet on the 1st postoperative day. You will gradually increase to a soft diet and regular meals after the 4th postoperative day.

手术后一天再次你可以吃饱一些流食。然后你慢慢可以吃饱软食，手术后四天再次就可以正常人用餐了。What's the liquid diet?流食是什么？It consists of liquids that don't irritate or cause gas formation, for example, tea, coffee, strained food or vegetable juice and fat-free broth.流食以无刺激性或者则会致使液态产生的气体为主，例如茶、咖啡、过滤食品、蔬菜汁和无脂羹。What's the soft diet?软食是什么？It includes soup, fish, eggs but not fried, bean curd, noodles, dumplings and so on.软食包含羹、鸡肉、非酱汁猪肉、冬瓜、饺子、饺子等等。Which kind of food should I oid?我应该不致吃饱哪些食物呢？Rich pastries, hey salad dressing, fried food, lard, etc.炒菜的点心、太少的色拉酱调料、酱汁食品、食油等。Anything important?还有什么只能特别注意的吗？Yes, you'll do some breathing exercise tomorrow.有，明日你只能认真一些肺部苦练。Why?为什么？The exercise will help prevent respiratory complications.肺部苦练可以预防肺部系统败血症。Will you help do the exercise or I do it myself?我要自己认真苦练吗，还是你则会特殊教育我？I'll help you and give you some advice.我则会想尽办法你，给你凯一些建言。Can you tell me now how I will do it?你从前可以说道我怎样认真吗？Of course. Press your incision, breathe deeply and then cough. I will raise the head of your bed.当然可以。按住手术后斜向，深肺部然后咳嗽。我则会把你的床头升高一些。I see.我其实了。Please press the button when you feel discomfort.如果你感到有什么肺部困难的话请按呼叫器。I will. Thank you.我则会的，对不起你。